Friday, 29 June 2007

FSF releases the GNU General Public License, version 3

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) today released version 3 of the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), the world's most popular free software license. In a momentous occasion at Boston, Massachusetts USA, Richard.M.Stallman released the final text of GPLv3 which went through an unprecedented drafting process that has seen four published drafts in eighteen months.

Over and above the features of GPLv2, these are some of the additional features (as I have understood) of the new GPL licence known popularly as GPLv3.
  • GPLv3 grants patent licence to every user who use a GPLv3 licenced software thus coming down heavily on software patents.
  • Better cooperation with other GPL-like licences
  • GPL version 3 does not prohibit DRM. However, it prohibits the use of tivoization and Treacherous Computing to stop users from changing the software.

Read the full press release as well as the final text of GPLv3 at the FSF website.

Update: Bruce Byfield has written an even better understood synopsis of the newly released GPLv3 license. And Rob Miller reports that GPLv3 has been submitted to Open Source Initiative for approval.

Red Hat CEO says he held talks with Microsoft ...

I came across this very interesting piece of news on Reuters which says Red Hat CEO had at one point of time held talks with Microsoft regarding patents (infringement?). When queried Matthew Szulik refused to answer the question as to whether Red Hat is now in talks with Microsoft.

It is surprising to note that after all the hoopla and bonhomie evident in most Linux based news sites regarding Linux's (aparent) immunity to patent infringement claims, it is true that there is an under current of apprehensiveness amoung most Linux heavy weights such as Red Hat and the likes as to what strong arm tactics Microsoft has lined up for the Linux distributors who do not play ball with it.

Here is a quote from the article ...
...
An update to that license, version 3, is about to be implemented. It will forbid companies from distributing Linux software if they enter into patent agreements like the ones that Microsoft signed with Novell.

The Free Software Foundation, which authored the General Public License and owns rights to much of the code at the heart of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, inserted that clause into the agreement in an effort to discourage other open-source software developers from signing patent deals with Microsoft.

The authors of that license (read FSF) have said they believe that such patent deals will help Microsoft back claims that its intellectual property is being violated by code in Linux and other open source software, eventually giving the company ammunition to seek billions of dollars in license fees from users of open-source software.

This is evidently the reason why FSF spearheaded by Richard M Stallman is too keen to release GPLv3 which has provisions to negate any foul play that the likes of Microsoft can bring about. And this is why in my opinion, Linux should also move to GPLv3 as soon as possible instead of sticking to just GPLv2. Not doing it would be suicidal...

Monday, 25 June 2007

Timeline of web browsers

I came across this timeline of web browsers which is very interesting. The timeline threw up a number of surprises for me. For example, only five web browsers have ever been developed from scratch or in other words from grounds up. And surprise! one of them is not the infamous Internet Explorer. In fact, the Internet Explorer (according to the timeline) is originally based on the code base of Mosaic web browser.

The five original web browsers are Mosaic, Opera, Konqueror, Omniweb and iCab. All the rest of the brood have a percentage of the code of either Mosaic or Konqueror. So without further ado, here is the timeline of the web browsers ever developed.... (Courtesy: Wikimedia.org)


Please note:
The image is an SVG format and so you will need a web browser which displays svg images (Eg: Firefox).

Related articles:
Mind map of Linux distributions
A Timeline of the History of Unix/Linux Revisited

Friday, 22 June 2007

Performance tweaks for Ubuntu Feisty Fawn

Ubuntu is well on its way to becoming the neophytes Linux distribution going by the recent news of Dell deciding to sell their PCs pre-loaded with Ubuntu. And indeed Ubuntu is an excellent candidate for being pre-loaded on Dell PCs - what with its out of the box support for most peripheral devices.

Agreed, I have run into trouble in installing the latest version of Ubuntu (Feisty fawn) on my 2 year old Pentium IV machine with around 630 MB SDRAM as do many others. But this is something which I believe will be sorted out in later versions of Ubuntu - and I am willing to wait. In all other respects, we have a very promising distribution here which is based on the cutting edge Debian unstable.

Micke has written a good article explaining ways of speeding up your machine running Ubuntu Feisty Fawn. Apart from installing all the media codecs to make it a complete desktop, he also provides over 14 ways of fine tuning your Ubuntu so as to make it run faster.

Related Posts:
Book Review: Ubuntu Hacks
AptonCD - Create a backup of all the packages you have installed in Ubuntu
How to install anything in Ubuntu
Essential housekeeping in Ubuntu

11 Ways to fix your laptop

In these days when $100 laptops are making news, it has become really common to find people lugging a laptop to and from their workplace. A laptop is fast metamorphosing from a rich man's toy to a common man's portable work horse. And as the case may be, when you buy/own a laptop the number one thing on your mind should be how to take good care of it so as to prolong its life and thus squeeze out every penny worth of work from it.

And when things do go wrong as is bound to happen with all hardware, there are simple solutions which you can try out first before calling a hardware technician. For example, there are ready solutions which you can try out for situations such as laptop overheating, upgrading a laptop, detecting hard drive failure, network troubleshooting, system crash, fixing dead pixels in laptops and so on. Mike Spitalieri has written an interesting article titled "11 ways to fix your laptop" explaining just that and gives tips on overcoming these situations which many laptop owners will face at one time or the other.

While some tips such as defragmenting your hard drive does not apply if you are running Linux on your laptop, most hardware troubleshooting tips he details are applicable to even Linux users.

Related articles:
Do it yourself laptop
New name for OLPC
Status of the OLPC project

Tuesday, 19 June 2007

Prof Fizzwizzle and the Molten Mystery - A beautiful puzzle game for Linux

Remember the time when I reviewed a very beautiful game called FizzBall which runs on Linux and which was developed by a young gaming company called Grubby games ? Well, they have released yet another game called "Prof. Fizzwizzle and the Molten Mystery" - this time a game of puzzles. The protagonist of the new game is again Prof. Fizzwizzle and the story line goes thus :

While on vacation, the professor Fizzwizzle comes across a simmering volcano. And his ever inquisitive mind prompts him to find ways of studying the volcano. But alas, on the way he meets his former pupil turned evil genius Penny Pyroclast who with the aid of her trusty flying robots (bat-bots) make his job that much difficult by spreading across his path a number of devious puzzles. And to reach the volcano, the professor will have to solve these puzzles.

Game play is quite simple and involves moving Prof Fizzwizzle from point A to point B. But in between, he has to surmount many obstacles. To aid him in clearing the path, he can use different objects such as magnets, barrels, crates, teleports, guns and many other things.

Fig: Move the Prof from point A to point B.

Prof Fizzwizzle can move only in four directions - left,right,up and down - which is controlled by the four arrow keys of your computer (The keys can be changed from the settings dialog) and his movements are restricted by the fact that you can't make him jump. So while it is easy to move him from a higher plane to a lower plane, to move him up, either the terrain should allow him or you have to make him use the objects at his disposal. And this calls for thinking through the steps which is what the puzzle is all about.

One thing I really like about the games developed by Grubby games is their rich cartoony graphics painted with a hew of colors. The games are developed with the kids as well as the adults in mind. And Prof Fizzwizzle is no different. I was so engaged in playing the game that I did not see the time fly by. And my whole family had a whale of a time playing the game.

Fig: A random level in the game

Coming back to the game, Professor Fizzwizzle and the molten mystery provides three different level sets, them being Regular levels, Advanced levels and Kids levels.

Fig: Yet another level - move the professor to the location pointed by the red arrow

While the regular and advanced levels require applying some logical thought, the kids levels are simple to solve and require little out of the box thinking.

There are numerous objects and terrains in this game and the interesting thing is that all the objects follow the laws of physics. For instance, when like poles of magnets face each other, the magnets repel each other and vice versa, crates can't move on gravel - unless they are freezed, hot metal objects transfer their heat when they come in contact with cooler objects and so on. And, you have to use these laws of physics to achieve your goal of solving the puzzles which is to help the Prof. move to his final destination.

The game is amazingly well designed. There are 210 levels in all and each one of them are unique. The levels are automatically saved which means you can close the game anytime and then come back later to pick up where you left off. Each users score, his game options and levels completed are tracked separately so different people can play the game simultaneously without any overlap. The developers have also been thoughtful in embedding a level editor in the game to help you create and play your own customized levels. And the "Level Manager" will help you manage the customized levels you have created. Grubby games provides additional levels which you can download from within the level manager and even upload your own customized levels to their website to share with others.

Fig: Kids levels are great fun to play

So what happens if you are unable to solve a level? Like for instance, I solved the regular level set up to level 59 and then in Level 60, I got stumped. To circumvent such situations, the game has an inbuilt "Show solutions" button which you can access from the menu. Instead of wringing my hands in despair, I navigated to the menu and pressed the "show solution" button. And guess what, Prof. Fizzwizzle solved the puzzle by himself. This is a very helpful option which has been incorporated in the game play which enhances the overall value of this game. Because as all puzzle games go, you reach a stage where the puzzle is a tad complex for you to solve and showing the solution makes it easier to move to the next level or even retry the level keeping the solution in mind.

Fig: Game settings screen - the game remembers each player's settings

This game is full of pleasant surprises. There is a pedometer on the lower right corner of the screen which records the number of steps Prof. Fizzwizzle took to solve each level. This is useful to know who among you solved the puzzle in the least number of turns. The professor can access up to 12 objects spread across the puzzles to aid him in solving each one of them. And you'd better watch out for bat-bots which will chase and overpower the professor if they lay their sights on him. To solve some levels, it is also required that you get your timings right.

Fig: A level from the advanced level set

I noticed on the Grubby games website that they have released an earlier version of the Prof. Fizzwizzle game and when I had a chat with Ryan Clark who is in charge of coding the game, he told me that there are a lot of enhancements in the new version. For one, you have 3 new power-ups namely the heat gun, inflatable teleports, and inflatable bridges which you won't find in the old version of the game. Then the bat-bots are a replacement for the older rage-bots with the added benefit that they can be placed under the terrain which increases the potential number of puzzles that can be created. You can share your score with others online which is yet another enhancement in the new version.

But the number one incentive for me to try this game apart from its excellent features was because the two co-founders of Grubby games - Matt Parry, Ryan Clark and their team have released the game not just for Windows and Mac OSX but also for Linux. I tried the game in four Linux distributions - Debian, Slackware, Fedora and OpenSuse and in each case the game started flawlessly. Obviously, the game does not depend on system wide libraries and is a standalone package which makes it possible to play the game in any Linux distribution.

Considering the sheer number of levels in the game coupled with enhanced graphics, superb gameplay and user friendly options, this game is well worth the $19.95 dollars charged for its full version. Mind you, they have also released a Linux version which is doubly exciting.

You can download a demo version of the game from their website and try it out before you decide to buy it.

Sunday, 17 June 2007

Know your regular expressions

You can build and test regular expressions (regexps) on UNIX® systems in several ways. Discover the available tools and techniques that can help you learn how to construct regular expressions for various programs and languages.

A regular expression is a notation for describing a pattern that matches a set of strings and this is common across many programs and languages. These various regexp implementations differ to some degree in the finery of their details, but the principles for learning to build regexps are common for all.

For example, in Linux there are different grep implementations such as the ubiquitous grep, egrep, fgrep and so on. And each of them differ from the other in slight manner. egrep and fgrep are generally considered to be superior to grep and support additional features not available in grep. Over a year back, I had posted about a very useful tool in KDE called kregexpeditor which helps one learn to use regular expressions.

Michael Stutz - the author of "The Linux cookbook" and with over 20 years experience under his belt has written a very informative article describing some useful tools and techniques for learning to build and hone regexps across a range of UNIX® applications. He walks one through useful tasks such as highlighting matches,showing only the matches and not the lines, calling a wizard and studying docs.